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The epithermal vein deposit (EVP) is a type of mineral deposit that forms in the shallow subsurface, typically at depths of less than 1,500 meters below the Earth's surface. [1] These deposits are formed by hot, mineral-rich fluids that circulate through fractures and cracks in rocks.
A quartz vein, prominent from the surrounding weathered rock at Cape Jervis, South Australia. Open space filling is the hallmark of epithermal vein systems, such as a stockwork, in greisens or in certain skarn environments.
Hydrothermal vein ore deposits consist of discrete veins or groups of closely spaced veins. Veins are believed to be precipitated by hydrothermal solutions travelling along discontinuities in a rockmass. [10] They are commonly epithermal in origin, that is to say they form at relatively high crustal levels and moderate to low temperatures.
Epithermal — mineral ore deposits formed at low temperatures (50–200 °C) near the Earth's surface (<1500 m), that fill veins, breccias, and stockworks. [2] Telethermal — mineral ore deposits formed at shallow depth and relatively low temperatures, with little or no wall-rock alteration, presumably far from the source of hydrothermal ...
Quartz is generally the dominant mineral in the veins, but there are also gold bearing carbonate dominant veins in orogenic deposits. [15] Ore bodies of orogenic gold deposits are generally defined by ≤ 3–5% sulfide minerals, most commonly arsenopyrite in metasedimentary host rocks and pyrite /pyrrhotite in meta-igneous rocks, and ≤ 5 ...
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This reduction facilitated the movement of gold within sulfate rich epithermal fluids. The low temperature, low salinity fluids replaced the carbonate rocks with ore deposits that included gold. Later, when the Basin and Range began its extension, normal faulting took place, and the ore deposits were downfaulted and buried under alluvial sediment.
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