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North African, 9th century CE, planispheric astrolabe. Khalili Collection. A modern astrolabe made in 2013, in Tabriz, Iran.. An astrolabe (Ancient Greek: ἀστρολάβος astrolábos, ' star-taker '; Arabic: ٱلأَسْطُرلاب al-Asṭurlāb; Persian: ستارهیاب Setāreyāb) is an astronomical instrument dating to ancient times.
This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
Ancient history – Aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era. The span of recorded history is roughly five thousand years, beginning with the earliest linguistic records in the third millennium BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt .
This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes.
The following is a list of astronomers, astrophysicists and other notable people who have made contributions to the field of astronomy.They may have won major prizes or awards, developed or invented widely used techniques or technologies within astronomy, or are directors of major observatories or heads of space-based telescope projects.
Thirteen Towers solar observatory, Chankillo, Peru Antikythera Mechanism, a geared astronomical computer that calculates lunar and solar eclipses, the position of the Sun and the Moon the lunar phase (age of the moon), has several lunisolar calendars, including the Olympic Games calendar.
Name: Lifespan: Country of work : George N. Saegmuller: 1847–1934 US Bernhard Schmidt: 1879–1935 Germany Ibn al-Shatir: 1304–1375 Syria: James Short: 1710–1768
The list also includes a final year of operation for many observatories that are no longer in operation. While other sciences, such as volcanology and meteorology , also use facilities called observatories for research and observations, this list is limited to observatories that are used to observe celestial objects.