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Old Balinese is an early form of the Balinese language recorded in inscriptions from the 9th to the 11th century AD in Bali. [1] [4] The earliest inscription dates from 882 and the youngest from 1050 AD. The Old Balinese inscriptions have compiled by Roelof Goris and Wayan Raka. [1]
Sri Kesari Warmadewa is known from four inscriptions: the Belanjong pillar inscription, the Penempahan inscription, the Malat Gede inscription, and the Pukuh inscription. [1] [2] All of Sri Kesari's inscriptions are monuments to his military victories (jaya-stambha), against enemies at Gurun and Suwal (conjectured to be overseas islands) and "in the north" (kadya-kadya), probably referring to ...
The Balinese copperplate inscription or Sembiran inscription is a collection of ten copper plate inscriptions, which were found in the village of Sembiran, Tejakula district, Buleleng Regency, on the northern part of Bali island. [1] [2] All inscription plates have a date, which is between 922 and 1181 CE, so they include more than 200 years. [3]
The inscription also mentions "the palace Singhadvāla" (siṅhadvāla-pure, A.3), which many scholars identify with the palace Singhāmandava of earlier Balinese inscriptions. [9] The inscription also tells about the success of military expeditions against enemies in two places: Gurun and Suwal (A.5). These place names are slightly obscure.
The Belanjong pillar, also Blanjong pillar or Blanjong inscription (Indonesian: Prasasti Blanjong, Balinese: ᬧ᭄ᬭᬲᬲ᭄ᬢᬶ ᬩ᭄ᬮᬜ᭄ᬚ᭄ᬭᭀᬂ), is a pillar established in 914 CE in the harbour of Belanjong, in the southern area of Sanur in Bali. This is the earliest evidence of Balinese literary script and language.
The Balinese script (Aksara Bali, ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭᬩᬮᬶ), which is arranged as Hanacaraka (ᬳᬦᬘᬭᬓ), is an abugida, ultimately derived from the Brāhmī script of India. The earliest known inscriptions date from the 9th century AD. [22] Few people today are familiar with the Balinese script. [23]
In the late 9th-century inscription, the temple was mentioned as Hyang Api ("god of fire) by the Brahmans who maintain the temple. In the second inscription dating to the early 11th-century, the temple was named Hyang Kehen; the word Kehen is derived from the Balinese word keren which means "flame". In this period, the Pura Hyang Kehen was the ...
It is the oldest inscription found in Bali that names the ruler who issued it. The pillar is dated 914 CE according to the Indian Saka calendar. Three other inscriptions by Kesari are known in central Bali, which suggest conflict in the mountainous interior of the island.