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Cesare Lombroso (/ l ɒ m ˈ b r oʊ s oʊ / lom-BROH-soh, [1] [2] US also / l ɔː m ˈ-/ lawm-; [3] Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare lomˈbroːzo, ˈtʃɛː-,-oːso]; born Ezechia Marco Lombroso; 6 November 1835 – 19 October 1909) was an Italian eugenicist, criminologist, phrenologist, physician, and founder of the Italian school of criminology.
He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice. [3] [4] [5]
Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), an Italian sociologist working in the late 19th century, is often called "the father of criminology". [21] He was one of the key contributors to biological positivism and founded the Italian school of criminology. [22] Lombroso took a scientific approach, insisting on empirical evidence for studying crime. [23]
Vidocq is considered by historians as the "father" of modern criminology. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] His approaches were new and unique for that time. However, it should be said that a famous predecessor Antoine de Sartine who organised the secret police under the monarchy before the French Revolution influenced other governments of Europe, Catherine II of ...
Hans Gustav Adolf Gross or Groß (26 December 1847 – 9 December 1915) was an Austrian criminal jurist and criminologist, the "Founding Father" of criminal profiling. A criminal jurist, Gross made a mark as the creator of the field of criminality. Throughout his life, Hans Gross made significant contributions to the realm of scientific ...
He was a student of Cesare Lombroso, often regarded as the father of criminology. He rejected the doctrine of free will (which was the main tenet of the Classical School) and supported the position that crime can be understood only if it is studied by scientific methods. He attempted to formulate a sociological definition of crime that would ...
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Robert King Merton (born Meyer Robert Schkolnick; July 4, 1910 – February 23, 2003) was an American sociologist who is considered a founding father of modern sociology, and a major contributor to the subfield of criminology. He served as the 47th president of the American Sociological Association. [1]