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For that reason, most programming language libraries contain a means of checking whether a file exists. An existence check can sometimes involve a "brute force" approach of checking all records for a given identifier, as in this Microsoft Excel Visual Basic for Applications code for detecting whether a worksheet exists:
As an example, VBA code written in Microsoft Access can establish references to the Excel, Word and Outlook libraries; this allows creating an application that – for instance – runs a query in Access, exports the results to Excel and analyzes them, and then formats the output as tables in a Word document or sends them as an Outlook email.
Both free and paid versions are available. It can handle Microsoft Excel .xls and .xlsx files, and also produce other file formats such as .et, .txt, .csv, .pdf, and .dbf. It supports multiple tabs, VBA macro and PDF converting. [10] Lotus SmartSuite Lotus 123 – for MS Windows. In its MS-DOS (character cell) version, widely considered to be ...
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
With version 5.0, included in Microsoft Office 4.2 and 4.3, Excel included Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), a programming language based on Visual Basic which adds the ability to automate tasks in Excel and to provide user-defined functions (UDF) for use in worksheets. VBA includes a fully featured integrated development environment (IDE).
In particular, it is a component of Structured Query Language (SQL). Data Control Language is one of the logical group in SQL Commands. SQL [1] is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as insert data to a database, delete or update data in a database, or retrieve data ...
Visual representation often may also be exported as a production-ready source code made in DB-compatible languages like SQL. The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS).
In SQL (Structured Query Language), the term cardinality refers to the uniqueness of data values contained in a particular column (attribute) of a database table. The lower the cardinality, the more duplicated elements in a column. Thus, a column with the lowest possible cardinality would have the same value for every row.