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Oil shale formation takes place in a number of depositional settings and has considerable compositional variation. Oil shales can be classified by their composition (carbonate minerals such as calcite or detrital minerals such as quartz and clays) or by their depositional environment (large lakes, shallow marine, and lagoon/small lake settings).
The largest deposits are found in the remains of large lakes such as the deposits of the Green River Formation of Wyoming and Utah, USA. Large lake oil shale basins are typically found in areas of block faulting or crustal warping due to mountain building. Deposits such as the Green River may be as much as 2,000 feet (610 m) and yield up to 40 ...
The species epithet of the "Eisleben Shale Fish", or "Kupferschiefer Herring" refers to Johann Karl Freiesleben, the Berghauptmann (mining inspection director) of Saxony. [41] Other fish found in the Kupferschiefer include Coelacanthus granulatus , Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis , Acentrophorus glaphyurus , Menaspis armata , Muensterichthys ...
Larger map shows the locations of Messel primates 1–7 (Table 1) within the Messel oil shale excavation. The current surface of the Messel pit is roughly 60 m (200 ft) below the local land and is about 0.7 km 2 (0.27 sq mi) in area. The oil-shale bed originally extended to a depth of 190 m (620 ft).
A 1984 study estimated the EROI of the various known oil-shale deposits as varying between 0.7–13.3, [75] although known oil-shale extraction development projects assert an EROI between 3 and 10. According to the World Energy Outlook 2010, the EROI of ex-situ processing is typically 4 to 5 while of in-situ processing it may be even as low as 2.
Location of the kukersite deposits within the Baltic Oil Shale Basin in northern Estonia and Russia. The Baltic Oil Shale Basin covers about 3,000 to 5,000 square kilometres (1,200 to 1,900 sq mi). [1] [5] [6] [7] Main kukersite deposits are Estonian and Tapa deposits in Estonia, and Leningrad deposit in Russia (also known as Gdov or Oudova ...
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A 2012 report from the European Commission states that, unlike the United States, "Shale gas production will not make Europe self-sufficient in natural gas. The best case scenario for shale gas development in Europe is one in which declining conventional production can be replaced and import dependence maintained at a level of around 60%."