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Such measurements furthered understanding of the greenhouse effect that underlies global warming and climate change. The history of the scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect was first identified.
One of the hotter periods was the Last Interglacial, around 125,000 years ago, where temperatures were between 0.5 °C and 1.5 °C warmer than before the start of global warming. [40] This period saw sea levels 5 to 10 metres higher than today. The most recent glacial maximum 20,000 years ago was some 5–7 °C colder. This period has sea ...
The term "pre-industrial" is also used as a benchmark for environmental conditions before the development of industrial society: for example, the Paris Agreement, adopted in Paris on 12 December, 2015 and in force from 4 November, 2016, "aims to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees celsius, compared to pre-industrial ...
When the last ice age ended thousands of years ago, the rate of global warming — which was roughly 10 times slower than what we see today — was rapid enough to wipe out entire species.
By far the best observed period is from 1850 to the present day, with coverage improving over time. Over this period the recent instrumental record, mainly based on direct thermometer readings, has approximately global coverage. It shows a general warming in global temperatures. Before this time various proxies must be used.
Older Peron warm and wet, global sea levels were 2.5 to 4 meters (8 to 13 feet) higher than the twentieth-century average 3900: 5.9 kiloyear event dry and cold. 3500: End of the African humid period, Neolithic Subpluvial in North Africa, expands Sahara Desert 3000 – 0: Neopluvial in North America 3,200–2,900: Piora Oscillation, cold
Venetian Arsenal in Venice, Italy is founded, employed 16,000 at its peak for the mass production of sailing ships in large assembly lines, hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution: 1150 Renaissance of the 12th century in Europe, blast furnace for the smelting of cast iron is imported from China: 1185 First record of windmills in Europe
Volcanic activity as a whole has had negligible impacts on global temperature trends since the Industrial Revolution. [ 100 ] Between 1750 and 2007, solar radiation may have at most increased by 0.12 W/m 2 , compared to 1.6 W/m 2 for the net anthropogenic forcing.