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The magnet was made of 18 turns of bare copper wire (insulated wire had not yet been invented). [1] William Sturgeon (/ ˈ s t ɜːr dʒ ə n /; 22 May 1783 – 4 December 1850) was an English physicist and inventor who made the first electromagnet and the first practical electric motor.
André-Marie Ampère (UK: / ˈ æ m p ɛər /, US: / ˈ æ m p ɪər /; [1] French: [ɑ̃dʁe maʁi ɑ̃pɛʁ]; 20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836) [2] was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as electrodynamics.
Hungarian, physicist and unsung father of the dynamo and electric motor; invented the first commutated rotary electromechanical machine with electromagnets. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] He invented the commutator . In 1828, Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical DC motors: the stator , rotor and commutator.
As early as 1834, he developed a battery-powered electric motor, along with his wife Emily Davenport. They used it to operate a small model car on a short section of track, paving the way for the later electrification of streetcars. [2] It is the first attempt to apply electrification to locomotion. [3]
Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (German: [ˈeːmɪl ˈlɛnts]; also Emil Khristianovich Lenz; Russian: Эми́лий Христиа́нович Ленц; 12 February 1804 – 10 February 1865), usually cited as Emil Lenz [1] [2] or Heinrich Lenz in some countries, was a Russian physicist who is most noted for formulating Lenz's law in electrodynamics in 1834.
A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. [15] He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge, by coming up with the single fluid, two states theory of electricity.
The term "electric fluid" was based on the idea that a jar could be filled and refilled when it became empty. [3] That led to the revolutionary idea of "electrical fire" as a type of motion or current flow rather than a type of explosion. [36] Several 18th-century electric terms were derived from his name.
His motor was the first to maintain constant speed under varying load. It was immediately popular and was endorsed by Edison as the only practical electric motor available. His regenerative braking system was important in the development of the electric train and the electric elevator.