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The terminology used may vary somewhat, [6] [7] but resources in a McKelvey diagram fall into three main areas: [8] Reserves, which are already discovered and commercially-viable mineral deposits, [8] [1] Contingent [8] or conditional [1] resources, whose existence is known but which are not commercially viable at present,
In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, they are derived from terrestrial (as opposed to marine) environments. [1] Consisting of sand , mud , and silt carried to sea by rivers , their composition is usually related to their source rocks; deposition of these sediments is largely ...
Terrigenous material includes minerals from the lithosphere like feldspar or quartz. Volcanism on land, wind blown sediments as well as particulates discharged from rivers can contribute to Hemipelagic deposits. [3] These deposits can be used to qualify climatic changes and identify changes in sediment provenances. [4] [5]
Turbidity currents, on the other hand, flow down slope across regional isobaths and are mainly responsible for supplying terrigenous sediment across continental margins to deep-water environments, such as continental rise, where fine particles are further carried in suspension by contour currents.
Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be used for economic and industrial purposes. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals and construction-grade stone. Economic geology is a subdiscipline of the geosciences; according to Lindgren (1933) it is “the application of geology”.
Authigenesis is the process whereby a mineral or sedimentary rock deposit is generated where it is found or observed. Such deposits are described as authigenic . Authigenic sedimentary minerals form during or after sedimentation by precipitation or recrystallization as opposed to detrital minerals, which are weathered by water or wind and ...
In ore deposit geology, hypogene processes occur deep below the Earth's surface, and tend to form deposits of primary minerals, as opposed to supergene processes that occur at or near the surface, and tend to form secondary minerals. [1] At great depth the pressure is high, and water can remain liquid at temperatures well above 100 °C.
Sediment is a solid material that is transported to a new location where it is deposited. [1] It occurs naturally and, through the processes of weathering and erosion, is broken down and subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.