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Dinosaur vision was, in general, better than the vision of most other reptiles, although vision varied between dinosaur species. Coelurosaurs , for example, had good stereoscopic or binocular vision, whereas large carnosaurs had poor binocular vision, comparable to that of modern alligators.
While color vision is dependent on many factors, discussion of the evolution of color vision is typically simplified to two factors: the breadth of the visible spectrum (which wavelengths of light can be detected), and; the dimensionality of the color gamut (e.g. dichromacy vs. tetrachromacy).
Researchers studying the opsin genes responsible for color-vision pigments have long known that four photopigment opsins exist in birds, reptiles and teleost fish. [3] This indicates that the common ancestor of amphibians and amniotes (≈350 million years ago) had tetrachromatic vision — the ability to see four dimensions of color.
Dinosaur coloration is generally one of the unknowns in the field of paleontology, as skin pigmentation is nearly always lost during the fossilization process. However, recent studies of feathered dinosaurs and skin impressions have shown the colour of some species can be inferred through the use of melanosomes , the colour-determining pigments ...
Color vision, a feature of visual perception, is an ability to perceive differences between light composed of different frequencies independently of light intensity.
Among dinosaurs, theropods had exceptionally large eyes. Deinonychosaurians , especially troodontids , had forward-facing eyes, suggesting stereoscopic vision and improved depth perception. Tyrannosauroid snouts allowed for a 55˚ binocular field of view, less than a modern human but more than their hadrosaurid prey.
As a result, they portrayed the film's dinosaurs with the size, proportions, and snout shape of Deinonychus. [2] The 20-foot-long (6.1 m) Utahraptor is commonly considered to be a close match to the film's dinosaurs, which are much larger than either Deinonychus or Velociraptor were in life. [81] [82]
Reconstruction of the plumage color of Anchiornis suggest the importance of color in visual communication in non-avian dinosaurs. [182] Vocalization in non-avian dinosaurs is less certain. In birds, the larynx plays no role in sound production. Instead, birds vocalize with a novel organ, the syrinx, farther down the trachea. [183]