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NEXRAD or Nexrad (Next-Generation Radar) is a network of 159 high-resolution S-band Doppler weather radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) within the United States Department of Commerce, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) within the Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Air Force within the ...
WSR-88D, or NEXRAD, Doppler weather radars scan at various elevations, creating a volume scan. This data can be manipulated in a three-dimensional view by VIPIR. [3] The result of this process is a three-dimensional image of the storm, which may be rotated and viewed from any angle.
The VIL measurement is usually used in determining the size of prospective hail, [3] the potential amount of rain under a thunderstorm, and the potential downdraft strength when combined with the height of the echo tops. [citation needed] VIL can be used to triage storms based on their severe potential. It is sometimes still used to assess ...
The radar horizon with an antenna height of 75 feet (23 m) over the ocean is 10-mile (16 km). However, since the pressure and water vapor content of the atmosphere varies with height, the path used by the radar beam is refracted by the change in density. With a standard atmosphere, electromagnetic waves are generally bent or refracted downward.
The scale of dBZ values can be seen along the bottom of the image. dBZ is a logarithmic dimensionless technical unit used in radar.It is mostly used in weather radar, to compare the equivalent reflectivity factor (Z) of a remote object (in mm 6 per m 3) to the return of a droplet of rain with a diameter of 1 mm (1 mm 6 per m 3). [1]
A height finder radar is a type of 2-dimensional radar that measures altitude of a target. The operator slews the antenna toward a desired bearing , identifies a target echo at a desired range on the range height indicator display, then bisects the target with a cursor that is scaled to indicate the approximate altitude of the target. [ 7 ]
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The orthometric height (symbol H) is the vertical distance along the plumb line from a point of interest to a reference surface known as the geoid, the vertical datum that approximates mean sea level. [1] [2] Orthometric height is one of the scientific formalizations of a layman's "height above sea level", along with other types of heights in ...