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P11-4 is a self-assembling β-peptide. It builds a 3-D bio-matrix with binding sites for Calcium-ions serving as nucleation point for hydroxyapatite (tooth mineral) formation. The high affinity to tooth mineral is based on matching distances of Ca-ion binding sites on P11-4 and Ca spacing in the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite.
Hydroxyapatite is the main mineral component of enamel in teeth. [22] During demineralisation, calcium and phosphorus ions are drawn out from the hydroxyapatite. The mineral ions introduced during remineralisation restore the structure of the hydroxyapatite crystals. [22]
She tells Yahoo Life that a tooth is made up of minerals including hydroxyapatite, fluoride and calcium, which is why they can be used to strengthen its enamel and prevent further damage.
The enamel on primary teeth has a more opaque crystalline form and thus appears whiter than on permanent teeth. The large amount of mineral in enamel accounts not only for its strength but also for its brittleness. [6] Tooth enamel ranks 5 on Mohs hardness scale (between steel and titanium) and has a Young's modulus of 83 GPa. [4]
Mineralized tissues are biological tissues that incorporate minerals into soft matrices. Typically these tissues form a protective shield or structural support. [ 1 ] Bone, mollusc shells , deep sea sponge Euplectella species, radiolarians , diatoms , antler bone, tendon , cartilage , tooth enamel and dentin are some examples of mineralized ...
This spun off many modern words, including calculate (' use stones for mathematical purposes '), and calculus, which came to be used, in the 18th century, for accidental or incidental mineral buildups in human and animal bodies, like kidney stones and minerals on teeth. [3]
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The mineral celestine (SrSO 4) Strontium commonly occurs in nature, being the 15th most abundant element on Earth (its heavier congener barium being the 14th), estimated to average approximately 360 parts per million in the Earth's crust [47] and is found chiefly as the sulfate mineral celestine (SrSO 4) and the carbonate strontianite (SrCO 3 ...
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