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The origin of the definition of the patriarch of the West is linked to the disestablishment of the ancient system based on the three apostolic centers of Rome, Antioch (both founded by Saint Peter) and Alexandria (founded by Saint Mark, the disciple of Peter), and the establishment, despite papal opposition, of the new Pentarchy, with the First Council of Constantinople in 381 and the Council ...
In 2006, Benedict XVI renounced the title of "Patriarch of the West" (Patriarcha Occidentis). [1] In 2024, Pope Francis reinstated the title of "Patriarch of the West" (Patriarcha Occidentis), reversing the decision by the previous Pope Benedict XVI; the title reinstatement was meant to bring closer ties to the other Patriarchs in the Eastern Orthodox faith.
As the "Patriarch of the West", the pope issues the Code of Canon Law for the Latin Church. During the Synod of Bishops on the Middle East in 2009, Pope Benedict XVI appeared, as patriarch of the Latin Church, with the other patriarchs, but without the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, though he was present at the same synod. [19]
The pope is the Patriarch of The West after Pope Francis recovered the title in 2024. [9] There are also four major archbishops, who operate as patriarch of their autonomous church, but for historical or procedural reasons are not recognized as a full patriarch. The main difference being that a patriarch's election is communicated to the pope ...
Without using the title "Patriarch of the West," the Fourth Council of Constantinople (869–870), the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), and the Council of Florence (1439) consider the pope only as the first of the five patriarchs. [41] The title developed in the 16th and 17th centuries, due to the multiplication of papal titles. [41]
In 1054, the mutual excommunications of Leo IX's legate, cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, and Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras in 1965. [17] 153 13 April 1055 – 28 July 1057 (2 years, 106 days) Victor II VICTOR Secundus
The title of patriarch in the Latin Church is retained by only five archbishops: the Latin patriarchs of Jerusalem, of the West (being the pope himself), of Venice, of Lisbon and of the East Indies. Until 1964, there had also been the honorary patriarchal titles of Constantinople, Alexandria and Antioch; still others were abolished earlier.
The title patriarch of the West symbolized the pope's special relationship with, and jurisdiction over, the Latin Church—and the omission of the title neither symbolizes in any way a change in this relationship, nor distorts the relationship between the Holy See and the Eastern Churches, as solemnly proclaimed by the Second Vatican Council ...