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Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.
By contrast, an out-group is a social group with which an individual does not identify. People may for example identify with their peer group, family, community, sports team, political party, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or nation. It has been found that the psychological membership of social groups and categories is associated with a ...
The social identity approach has been applied to a wide variety of fields [example needed] and continues to be very influential. There is a high citation rate for key social identity papers and that rate continues to increase. [4]
As noted in two recent theoretical reviews, [16] the theoretical basis for the inclusion of self-identity in the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior has many similarities to social identity theory [17] and its extension, self-categorization theory. [18] According to social identity theory, an important component of the self-concept ...
Social identity theory – was developed by Henri Tajfel and examines how categorizing people (including oneself) into ingroups or outgroups affects perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. Social representation theory - was developed by Serge Moscovici and concerns the character of the shared beliefs and practices that typify any collective.
Both questions have been given extensive attention by researchers working in the social identity tradition. For example, in work relating to social identity theory, it has been shown that merely crafting cognitive distinction between in- and out-groups can lead to subtle effects on people's evaluations of others. [27] [32]
Social identity threat is a theory in social psychology derived from social identity theory to explain the different types of threats that arise from group identity being threatened as opposed to personal identity. [1] This theory distinguishes between four distinct types of social identity threats: categorization threat, distinctiveness threat ...
BIRGing has connections to social identity theory, which explains how self-esteem and self-evaluation can be enhanced by the identification with another person's success through basking in reflected glory that is not earned. [6] Social identity is the individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership of social groups. High self-esteem ...