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By using a stemmatic approach, the textual critic tries to trace the oldest surviving manuscript and show the relationship it has to its ancestors. This makes it possible to compare changes made in different traditions branching off from the archetype, and develop an edition that reconstructs the text of the archetype as closely as possible.
Textual criticism has been practiced for over two thousand years, as one of the philological arts. [4] Early textual critics, especially the librarians of Hellenistic Alexandria in the last two centuries BC, were concerned with preserving the works of antiquity, and this continued through the Middle Ages into the early modern period and the invention of the printing press.
Whilst the novel was conceived and mainly written by Mary, Percy is known to have provided input in editing and publishing the manuscript. Some critics have alleged that Percy had a greater role—even the majority role—in the creation of the novel, though mainstream scholars have generally dismissed these claims as exaggerated or ...
A folio from Papyrus 46, one of the oldest extant New Testament manuscripts. Textual criticism of the New Testament is the identification of textual variants, or different versions of the New Testament, whose goals include identification of transcription errors, analysis of versions, and attempts to reconstruct the original text.
Academic literary critics teach in literature departments and publish in academic journals, and more popular critics publish their reviews in broadly circulating periodicals such as The Times Literary Supplement, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Review of Books, the London Review of Books, the Dublin Review of Books, The Nation ...
John Updike: Literary realism/modernism and aestheticist critic; M. H. Abrams: The Mirror and the Lamp (study of Romanticism) F. O. Matthiessen: originated the concept "American Renaissance" Perry Miller: Puritan studies; Henry Nash Smith: founder of the "Myth and Symbol School" of American criticism
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List of postmodern critics; Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image; Pour une critique des traductions: John Donne; The Practice of Diaspora; Professing Criticism; Psychoanalytic literary criticism; Psychological journeys of Middle-earth; Pushkin studies