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Lithium may also increase the release of serotonin by neurons in the brain. [100] In vitro studies performed on serotonergic neurons from rat raphe nuclei have shown that when these neurons are treated with lithium, serotonin release is enhanced during a depolarization compared to no lithium treatment and the same depolarization. [101]
John Frederick Joseph Cade AO [1] [2] [3] (18 January 1912 – 16 November 1980) was an Australian psychiatrist who in 1948 discovered the effects of lithium carbonate as a mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder, then known as manic depression.
The history of the medications used in mental disorders has developed a lot through years. The discovery of modern drugs prevailed during the 20th century. Lithium, a mood stabilizer, was discovered as a treatment of mania, by John F. Cade in 1949, "and Hammond (1871) used lithium bromide for 'acute mania with depression'". [14]
In 1949, Cade and Andrews discovered that lithium carbonate could be used as a successful treatment of manic depressive psychosis. [19] [20] Because there was a fear that table salt substitutes could lead to toxicity or death, their findings did not immediately lead to treatments. In the 1950s, U.S. hospitals began experimenting with lithium on ...
He was aware of some of the limitations of lithium treatment. He welcomed the introduction of other prophylactic agents into the market. From the available observations he concluded, however, that anti-epileptics and atypical anti-psychotics act on different kinds of bipolar patients to lithium. [citation needed]
Lithium – Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar).
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Lithium is useful in the treatment of bipolar disorder. [198] Lithium salts may also be helpful for related diagnoses, such as schizoaffective disorder and cyclic major depressive disorder. The active part of these salts is the lithium ion Li +. [198]