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Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 2 O.It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, [c] and nearly colorless chemical substance.It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent [20]).
In other words, a translucent material is made up of components with different indices of refraction. A transparent material is made up of components with a uniform index of refraction. [1] Transparent materials appear clear, with the overall appearance of one color, or any combination leading up to a brilliant spectrum of every color.
Another name is dihydrogen monoxide, which is a rarely used name of water, and mostly used in the dihydrogen monoxide parody. Other systematic names for water include hydroxic acid, hydroxylic acid, and hydrogen hydroxide, using acid and base names. [j] None of these exotic names are used widely. The polarized form of the water molecule, H + OH −
The same water in a smaller bucket looks only slightly cyan, [1] and observing the water at close range makes it appear colorless to the naked eye. The intrinsic color of liquid water may be demonstrated by looking at a white light source through a long pipe that is filled with purified water and closed at both ends with a transparent window.
Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Under nomenclature used to name chemical compounds , Dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific name for water, though it is almost never used.
The percentage of water vapor in surface air varies from 0.01% at -42 °C (-44 °F) [15] to 4.24% when the dew point is 30 °C (86 °F). [16] Over 99% of atmospheric water is in the form of vapour, rather than liquid water or ice, [17] and approximately 99.13% of the water vapour is contained in the troposphere.
The spectrum of ice is similar to that of liquid water, with peak maxima at 3400 cm −1 (2.941 μm), 3220 cm −1 (3.105 μm) and 1620 cm −1 (6.17 μm) [14] In both liquid water and ice clusters, low-frequency vibrations occur, which involve the stretching (TS) or bending (TB) of intermolecular hydrogen bonds (O–H•••O).
Liquid crystals used in dyes and inks often come microencapsulated, in the form of suspension. Liquid crystals are used in applications where the color change has to be accurately defined. They find applications in thermometers for room, refrigerator, aquarium, and medical use, and in indicators of level of propane in tanks.