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An up-bow is a type of stroke used when bowing a musical instrument, most often a string instrument. The player draws the bow upward or to the left across the instrument, moving the point of contact from the bow's tip toward the frog (the end of the bow held by the player).
No matter which attack or bow stroke is used, most professional violinists use a straight bow stroke, keeping the bow perpendicular to the string and parallel to the bridge. This ensures that the bow will stay in the desired sounding point and will create a consistent sound quality. [9] One technique to achieving a straight bow is as follows.
Two ways in which the martelé bowstroke is commonly notated. An excerpt from Dotzauer's cello étude no. 6, played with martelé bowing. Martelé (French pronunciation: [maʁt(ə)le]; literally meaning "hammered") [1] [2] is a percussive bow stroke used when playing bowed string instruments, though the Italian martellando and martellato are also applied to piano and vocal technique, and even ...
Frog of a modern violin bow (K. Gerhard Penzel) Tip of a modern violin bow (K. Gerhard Penzel) A bow consists of a specially shaped stick with other material forming a ribbon stretched between its ends, which is used to stroke the string and create sound. Different musical cultures have adopted various designs for the bow.
Portato is a bowing technique for stringed instruments, [3] in which successive notes are gently re-articulated while being joined under a single continuing bow stroke. It achieves a kind of pulsation or undulation, rather than separating the notes.
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
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