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From 1600 to 1650, sugar accounted for 95 percent of Brazil's exports, and slave labor was relied heavily upon to provide the workforce to maintain these export earnings. It is estimated that 560,000 Central African slaves arrived in Brazil during the 17th century in addition to the indigenous slave labor that was provided by the bandeiras. [7]
The Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous History and Culture Law (Law No. 11.645/2008) mandates the teaching of Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous History and Culture in Brazil. The law was enacted on 10 March 2008, amending Law No. 9.394 of 20 December 1996, as modified by Law No. 10.639 of 9 January 2003.
1888 poster from the Brazilian National Archives collection commemorating the abolition of slavery in Brazil. The history of abolitionism in Brazil goes back to the first attempt to abolish indigenous slavery in Brazil, in 1611, to its definitive abolition by the Marquis of Pombal, in 1755 and 1758, during the reign of King Joseph I, and to the emancipation movements in the colonial period ...
Its largest shareholder at one point was José Bernardino de Sá, a slave trader responsible for transporting around 19,000 Africans to Brazil, according to historical research that sparked ...
Pressure for the end of slavery and forced labor among the indigenous Indians worked to increase the demand for African slaves to do the work instead. Rodrigo de Albornoz , a layman, was a former secretary to Charles V sent as an official to New Spain , who opposed the treatment of the indigenous, though himself importing 150 African slaves.
The goal of converting all Indians to Catholic faith and practices was used by the Portuguese crown to justify the colonization of Brazil. [10] The Jesuits, arriving in Brazil in the mid-sixteenth century, were tasked with these conversions and continued to be`the most prevalent and economically powerful denomination in Brazil until they were expelled in the 1700s. [11]
Anti-indigenous sentiment and violence has persisted into the 21st century. [2] [3] From 2007 to 2017, 833 indigenous people were murdered according to the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health. [22] Genocide scholars have identified actions by Brazil in the 20th century as actions of genocide. [23] [24]
In 1998, as the six remaining Juma were struggling to survive, Brazil’s Indigenous bureau, Funai, transferred them to an Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau village, located a few hundred miles away.