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The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), [4] also called the red jackal, the Simien jackal or Simien fox, is a canine native to the Ethiopian Highlands. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the horse jackal. It is similar to the coyote in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur. [5]
A wolfdog is a canine produced by the mating of a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) with a gray wolf (Canis lupus), eastern wolf (Canis lycaon), red wolf (Canis rufus), or Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) to produce a hybrid.
There is evidence of gene flow between the eastern population and the Ethiopian wolf, which has led to the eastern population being distinct from the northwestern population. The common ancestor of both African wolf populations was a genetically admixed canid of 72% gray wolf and 28% Ethiopian wolf ancestry. There is evidence of gene flow ...
The gray wolf (C. lupus), the Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis), eastern wolf (C. lycaon), and the African golden wolf (C. lupaster) are four of the many Canis species referred to as "wolves". [37] Species that are too small to attract the word "wolf" are called coyotes in the Americas and jackals elsewhere. [38]
According to a phylogeny derived from nuclear sequences, the Eurasian golden jackal (Canis aureus) diverged from the wolf/coyote lineage 1.9 Mya, but the African golden wolf separated 1.3 Mya. Mitochondrial genome sequences indicated the Ethiopian wolf diverged from the wolf/coyote lineage slightly prior to that. [19]: S1
It is endemic to Ethiopia's Bale Mountains. [3] Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, [1] where it can reach densities of up to 2,600 individuals per square kilometre. [3] It is threatened by habitat loss. [1] Where the two species overlap, it is the main prey of the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis). [3]
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Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber named Canis mesomelas in 1775. [12] It was later proposed as the genus Lupulella Hilzheimer 1906. [13]The black-backed jackal has occupied eastern and southern Africa for at least 2–3 million years, as shown by fossil deposits in Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa.