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Heling (Javanese: Karajan Heling; Chinese: 訶陵; pinyin: Hēlíng; Middle Chinese: [hɑ.lɨŋ]) or She-po or She-bo (Chinese: 闍婆; pinyin: Shépó; Middle Chinese: [d͡ʑia.buɑ]) in Chinese sources, [1] or Ho-ling in Arabic scriptures of Umayyad Caliphate era; [2] was a 7th- to 9th-century Indianized kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.
By the fourth century, the kingdom of Kutai in East Kalimantan, Tarumanagara in West Java, and Holing in Central Java, were among the early Hindu states established in the region. Several notable ancient Indonesian Hindu kingdoms are: Mataram , famous for the construction of the majestic Prambanan temple, followed by Kediri and Singhasari .
The Kingdom timespan was about the same period as the Javanese kingdoms starts from Kalingga until the era of Majapahit. [8] According to the Wangsakerta manuscript, Galuh was a vassal of Tarumanagara. After the fall of Tarumanagara, its dynastic patriarch, Wretikandayun of Galuh, separated his realm from the Sunda kingdom in the west.
Map of the expansion of the Srivijaya empire, beginning in Palembang in the 7th century, then extending to most of Sumatra, then expanding to Java, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung, Singapore, Malay Peninsula (also known as: Kra Peninsula), Thailand, Cambodia, South Vietnam, Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, and ended as the Kingdom of Dharmasraya in Jambi in the 13th century.
The Sunda Kingdom (Sundanese: ᮊ (ka) ᮛ (ra) ᮏ (ja) ᮃ (a) ᮔ᮪ (n) ᮞᮥ (su) ᮔ᮪ (n) ᮓ (da), romanized: Karajaan Sunda, Indonesian pronunciation:) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java.
Pagaruyung (Minangkabau: Karajaan Pagaruyuang, other name: Pagaruyung Dārul Qarār), also known as Pagarruyung, Pagar Ruyung and Malayapura or Malayupura, [2] was a kingdom that once stood in the island of Sumatra and the seat of the Minangkabau kings of Western Sumatra. [3]
On his route via Maritime Southeast Asia, Yijing visited Srivijaya twice where he stayed from 688 to 695, studying and translating the original texts in Sanskrit. Srivijaya appears to have been flourishing around the time of Yijing's visit, which he initially called "Bogha (室利佛逝)" during his first visit.
Taken from the word मातृ mātṛ meaning "mother", [12] has the same meaning as मातृभूमि mātṛbhūmi meaning "motherland". [13] In the inscription it is referred to as kaḍatwan śrī mahārāja i bhūmi i mātaram , a phrase which means "Maharaja's kingdom in Mataram", as a form of mother personification which ...