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Predestination paradox: Someone travels back in time to discover the cause of a famous fire. While in the building where the fire started, they accidentally knock over a kerosene lantern and cause a fire, the same fire that would inspire them, years later, to travel back in time.
This category contains paradoxes in mathematics, but excluding those concerning informal logic. "Paradox" here has the sense of "unintuitive result", rather than "apparent contradiction". "Paradox" here has the sense of "unintuitive result", rather than "apparent contradiction".
In mathematical logic, Russell's paradox (also known as Russell's antinomy) is a set-theoretic paradox published by the British philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell in 1901. [1] [2] Russell's paradox shows that every set theory that contains an unrestricted comprehension principle leads to contradictions. [3]
Some mathematicians and historians, such as Carl Boyer, hold that Zeno's paradoxes are simply mathematical problems, for which modern calculus provides a mathematical solution. [34] Infinite processes remained theoretically troublesome in mathematics until the late 19th century.
"Can a ball be decomposed into a finite number of point sets and reassembled into two balls identical to the original?" The Banach–Tarski paradox is a theorem in set-theoretic geometry, which states the following: Given a solid ball in three-dimensional space, there exists a decomposition of the ball into a finite number of disjoint subsets, which can then be put back together in a different ...
The problem is a paradox of the veridical type, because the solution is so counterintuitive it can seem absurd but is nevertheless demonstrably true. The Monty Hall problem is mathematically related closely to the earlier three prisoners problem and to the much older Bertrand's box paradox .
B. Russell: The principles of mathematics I, Cambridge 1903. B. Russell: On some difficulties in the theory of transfinite numbers and order types, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) 4 (1907) 29-53. P. J. Cohen: Set Theory and the Continuum Hypothesis, Benjamin, New York 1966. S. Wagon: The Banach–Tarski Paradox, Cambridge University Press ...
It should only contain pages that are Paradoxes or lists of Paradoxes, ... Mathematical paradoxes (5 C, 41 P) N. Nonexistent things (6 C, 7 P) O. Oxymorons (2 P) P.