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A worldview (also world-view) or Weltanschauung is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view. [1] A worldview can include natural philosophy; fundamental, existential, and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ...
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, [1] [2] in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". [3]
The terms "Manichaean" and "Manichaeism" are sometimes used figuratively as a synonym of the more general term "dualist" with respect to a philosophy, outlook, or world-view. [137] The terms are often used to suggest that the world-view in question simplistically reduces the world to a struggle between good and evil.
In Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the dominance of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who shape the culture of that society—the beliefs and explanations, perceptions, values, and mores—so that the worldview of the ruling class becomes the accepted cultural norm. [1]
An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal. An ideology is a collection of ideas.
According to the Council for Secular Humanism, within the United States, the term "secular humanism" describes a world view with the following elements and principles: [8] Need to test beliefs – A conviction that dogmas, ideologies and traditions, whether religious, political or social, must be weighed and tested by each individual and not ...
American exceptionalism; American nationalism; Anti-communism; Christian nationalism; Civil religion; Classical liberalism; Communitarianism; Constitutionalism
Eurocentrism as the term for an ideology was coined by Samir Amin in the 1970s. The adjective Eurocentric , or Europe-centric , has been in use in various contexts since at least the 1920s. [ 8 ] The term was popularised (in French as européocentrique ) in the context of decolonization and internationalism in the mid-20th century. [ 9 ]