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In addition, bacterial vaginosis as either pre-existing, or acquired, may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, most notably premature birth or miscarriage. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Pregnant women with BV have a higher risk of chorioamnionitis , miscarriage, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes , and postpartum endometritis . [ 27 ]
Certain types of vaginitis may result in complications during pregnancy. [1] The three main causes are infections, specifically bacterial vaginosis, vaginal yeast infection, and trichomoniasis. [2] Other causes include allergies to substances such as spermicides or soaps or as a result of low estrogen levels during breast-feeding or after ...
The microbiota populations change in response to the menstrual cycle. Pregnancy alters the microbiota, with a reduction in species/genus diversity. [3] Overgrowth of Candida albicans or other Candida (yeast infections) sometimes occurs after antibiotic therapy. [2] Bacterial vaginosis results in altered populations and ratios of the normal ...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the condition affects nearly 30% of women between 15 and ...
The flora serves as a defense against the invasion and colonization of opportunistic pathogens including bacterial vaginosis, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. [23] Historically, it was believed that the bacterium Gardnerella caused bacterial vaginosis, but studies have shown that bacterial vaginosis can be caused by a variety of bacteria. [ 24 ]
The Nugent Score is a Gram stain scoring system for vaginal swabs to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV).The Nugent score is calculated by assessing for the presence of large Gram-positive rods (Lactobacillus morphotypes; decrease in Lactobacillus scored as 0 to 4), small Gram-variable rods (Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes; scored as 0 to 4), and curved Gram-variable rods (Mobiluncus spp ...
[10] Infections: urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted diseases, lower genital tract infections (e.g. bacterial vaginosis), [8] infections within the amniotic sac membranes (chorioamnionitis) [11] Tobacco use during pregnancy [10] Illicit drug use during pregnancy [11] Having had PROM or preterm delivery in previous pregnancies [8]
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection caused by a change in the vaginal flora, which refers to the community of organisms that live in the vagina. [20] It is the most common cause of pathological vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age and accounts for 40–50% of cases. [ 21 ]