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In analogy with the cross-section of a solid, the cross-section of an n-dimensional body in an n-dimensional space is the non-empty intersection of the body with a hyperplane (an (n − 1)-dimensional subspace). This concept has sometimes been used to help visualize aspects of higher dimensional spaces. [7]
For example, when is a vector bundle a section of is an element of the vector space lying over each point . In particular, a vector field on a smooth manifold M {\displaystyle M} is a choice of tangent vector at each point of M {\displaystyle M} : this is a section of the tangent bundle of M {\displaystyle M} .
A section, or cross-section, is a view of a 3-dimensional object from the position of a plane through the object. A section is a common method of depicting the internal arrangement of a 3-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is often used in technical drawing and is traditionally crosshatched. The style of crosshatching often indicates the ...
The two points tracing the cycloids are therefore at equal heights. The line through them is therefore horizontal (i.e. parallel to the two lines on which the circle rolls). Consequently each horizontal cross-section of the circle has the same length as the corresponding horizontal cross-section of the region bounded by the two arcs of cycloids.
is the cross section area. is the elastic modulus. is the shear modulus. is the second moment of area., called the Timoshenko shear coefficient, depends on the geometry. Normally, = / for a rectangular section.
The obstruction to the existence of a section can often be measured by a cohomology class, which leads to the theory of characteristic classes in algebraic topology. The most well-known example is the hairy ball theorem, where the Euler class is the obstruction to the tangent bundle of the 2-sphere having a nowhere vanishing section.
A standard example is the Reuleaux triangle, the intersection of three circles, each centered where the other two circles cross. [2] Its boundary curve consists of three arcs of these circles, meeting at 120° angles, so it is not smooth , and in fact these angles are the sharpest possible for any curve of constant width.
In three-dimensional geometry, skew lines are two lines that do not intersect and are not parallel. A simple example of a pair of skew lines is the pair of lines through opposite edges of a regular tetrahedron. Two lines that both lie in the same plane must either cross each other or be parallel, so skew lines can exist only in three or more ...
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