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To facilitate discussion of match play strategy, scores are "normalised", i.e. referred to in terms of the number of points each player is away from victory. For example, if a player is leading 3-2 in a 5 point match, this is referred to as "2-away, 3-away" or "-2, -3"; likewise if a player leads 13-12 in a 15 point match.
Irish, Nard. Origin: 17th-century England. Descended from: Irish. Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back nearly 5,000 years to the regions of Mesopotamia and Persia.
In match play the match score affects the checker play and one of the alternative plays may come out on top in computer simulations depending on the score. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In a "gammon-go" situation the player does not care about whether they lose a single game or a gammon, but they have much to gain from winning a gammon; thus they can benefit ...
In Alfonso X's 13th century book of games, El Libro de los Juegos, is a game called Todas Tablas, which many scholars equate to modern Backgammon although the description and opening layout are not the same. Some also equate it to Nard, thus assuming that Nard and Backgammon are the same game, a proposition challenged by Robet and others. [4]
Backgammon notation. Figure 1: checkers in starting position. Figure 2: after 4-2: 8/4 6/4. Backgammon notation is a means for recording backgammon games, developed by Paul Magriel in the 1970s. [1] The common way of describing the movement of checkers involves numbering the points around the board from 24 to 1 as depicted in Figure 1.
TD-Gammon is a computer backgammon program developed in 1992 by Gerald Tesauro at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center.Its name comes from the fact that it is an artificial neural net trained by a form of temporal-difference learning, specifically TD-Lambda.
Bill Robertie. William Gerard (Bill) Robertie (born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States on July 9, 1946) is a backgammon, chess, and poker player, author and teacher. He is one of several (6 as of 2022) backgammon players to have won the World Backgammon Championship twice (in 1983 and in 1987). Besides the World Championship wins in ...
eXtreme Gammon is backgammon software written by Xavier Dufaure de Citres and released in 2009. [1] It is available for Microsoft Windows and mobile platforms. According to the Financial Times, the program is the best backgammon player in the world, and the near-exclusive study tool for all serious backgammon players. [1] It rates matches ...