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Proteus mirabilis appears as Gram-negative rods after Gram staining under bright-field microscopy with 1000 times magnification. Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It shows swarming motility and urease activity. P. mirabilis causes 90% of all Proteus infections in humans.
P. mirabilis is often found as a free-living organism in soil and water. About 10–15% of kidney stones are struvite stones, caused by alkalinization of the urine by the action of the urease enzyme (which splits urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide) of Proteus (and other) bacterial species.
Normal urine pH is slightly acidic, with usual values of 6.0 to 7.5, but the normal range is 4.5 to 8.0. A urine pH of 8.5 or 9.0 is indicative of a urea-splitting organism, such as Proteus, Klebsiella, or Ureaplasma urealyticum; therefore, an asymptomatic patient with a high pH means UTI regardless of the other urine test results.
The exact bacteria that causes purple urine bag syndrome has not been confirmed but there are some bacteria that have been reported as potential causes. These include Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and Group B Streptococci. Studies are still being done into each of these bacteria but below ...
This list of dog diseases is a ... The most common types of bacteria cultured from the urine of dogs with cystitis are E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis ...
Proteus vulgaris is commonly found in the intestine in various animals, and is shed into manure and soil. About 10–15% of kidney stones are struvite stones, caused by alkalinization of the urine by the action of the urease enzyme of Proteus (and other) bacterial species. [3]
[10] [11] Struvite is the most common mineral found in urinary tract stones in dogs, [13] and is found also in urinary tract stones of cats and humans. Struvite stones are potentiated by bacterial infection that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and raises urine pH to neutral or alkaline values.
In humans the microbial urease, Proteus mirabilis, is the most common in infection induced urinary stones. [21] Urease in hepatic encephalopathy / hepatic coma
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