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Let φ 1 = 0, φ 2 = 2π; then the area of the black region (see diagram) is A 0 = a 2 π 2, which is half of the area of the circle K 0 with radius r(2π). The regions between neighboring curves (white, blue, yellow) have the same area A = 2a 2 π 2. Hence: The area between two arcs of the spiral after a full turn equals the area of the circle ...
Because of the circular nature of the polar coordinate system, many curves can be described by a rather simple polar equation, whereas their Cartesian form is much more intricate. Among the best known of these curves are the polar rose , Archimedean spiral , lemniscate , limaçon , and cardioid .
Arc length is the distance between two ... be a curve expressed in polar coordinates. The mapping that transforms from polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates is ...
In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system specifies a given point in three-dimensional space by using a distance and two angles as its three coordinates. These are the radial distance r along the line connecting the point to a fixed point called the origin; the polar angle θ between this radial line and a given polar axis; [a] and
Two common methods for finding the volume of a solid of revolution are the disc method and the shell method of integration.To apply these methods, it is easiest to draw the graph in question; identify the area that is to be revolved about the axis of revolution; determine the volume of either a disc-shaped slice of the solid, with thickness δx, or a cylindrical shell of width δx; and then ...
Equivalently, in polar coordinates (r, θ) it can be described by the equation = with real number b. Changing the parameter b controls the distance between loops. From the above equation, it can thus be stated: position of the particle from point of start is proportional to angle θ as time elapses.
Two tangent lines to B have no (finite) poles because they pass through the center C of the reciprocation circle C; the polars of the corresponding tangent points on B are the asymptotes of the hyperbola. The two branches of the hyperbola correspond to the two parts of the circle B that are separated by these tangent points.
Case 3: two sides and an opposite angle given (SSA). The sine rule gives C and then we have Case 7. There are either one or two solutions. Case 4: two angles and an included side given (ASA). The four-part cotangent formulae for sets (cBaC) and (BaCb) give c and b, then A follows from the sine rule. Case 5: two angles and an opposite side given ...