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Following the patent and release of Harold's Long Scale calculator featuring two knobs on the outside rim in 1914, he designed the Magnum Long Scale calculator in 1927. [6] [7] As the name "Magnum" implies, it was a fairly large device at 4.5 inches in diameter—about 1.5 inches more than Fowler's average non-Magnum-series calculators. [8]
The Fuller calculator, sometimes called Fuller's cylindrical slide rule, is a cylindrical slide rule with a helical main scale taking 50 turns around the cylinder. This creates an instrument of considerable precision – it is equivalent to a traditional slide rule 25.40 metres (1,000 inches) long.
This slide rule is positioned to yield several values: From C scale to D scale (multiply by 2), from D scale to C scale (divide by 2), A and B scales (multiply and divide by 4), A and D scales (squares and square roots). In addition to the logarithmic scales, some slide rules have other mathematical functions encoded on other auxiliary scales.
The system most commonly used to fully document and describe scaling was devised by Johann Gottlob Töpfer. [4] Since varying the diameter of a pipe in direct proportion to its length (which means it varies by a factor of 1:2 per octave) caused the pipes to narrow too rapidly, and keeping the diameter constant (a factor of 1:1 per octave) was ...
where ε is the average rate of dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy per unit mass, and; ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid.; Typical values of the Kolmogorov length scale, for atmospheric motion in which the large eddies have length scales on the order of kilometers, range from 0.1 to 10 millimeters; for smaller flows such as in laboratory systems, η may be much smaller.
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Each iteration of the Sierpinski triangle contains triangles related to the next iteration by a scale factor of 1/2. In affine geometry, uniform scaling (or isotropic scaling [1]) is a linear transformation that enlarges (increases) or shrinks (diminishes) objects by a scale factor that is the same in all directions (isotropically).
A scale ruler is a tool for measuring lengths and transferring measurements at a fixed ratio of length; two common examples are an architect's scale and engineer's scale.In scientific and engineering terminology, a device to measure linear distance and create proportional linear measurements is called a scale.