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Any movement of the thumb and wrist causes the patient pain, inflammation and swelling. The presence of anomalous or variant muscles in the fourth compartment may result in chronic dorsal wrist pain, a condition known as the fourth compartment syndrome. [4] Intersection syndrome can be caused by direct trauma to the second extensor compartment.
Extensor digitorum brevis manus is an extra or accessory muscle on the backside (dorsum) of the hand. It was first described by Albinus in 1758. [1] The muscles lies in the fourth extensor compartment of the wrist, and is relatively rare. [2] It has a prevalence of 4% in the general population according to a meta-analysis. [3]
The extensor retinaculum (dorsal carpal ligament, or posterior annular ligament) is a thickened portion of the antebrachial fascia that holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place. [1] It is located on the back of the forearm , just proximal to the hand . [ 2 ]
The mechanism of injury is usually repetitive resisted extension, as with rowing, weight lifting, or pulling. [citation needed] Intersection syndrome is often confused with another condition called DeQuervain's syndrome, which is an irritation of the thumb-sided set of tendons at the wrist, called the first dorsal compartment.
The ECRB inserts into the lateral dorsal surface of the base of the third metacarpal bone, with a few fibres inserting into the medial dorsal surface of the second metacarpal bone, also to extend and abduct the wrist. The ED inserts into the middle and distal phalanges to extend the fingers and wrist.
An illustration of wrist pain. Wrist pain or open wrist is a syndrome inhibiting use of a hand due to pain in anatomical structures of the wrist. [1] It most commonly results from an injury to a ligament. [1] The pain may be sharp from a traumatic injury or from chronic repetitive wrist activities. [1]
The extensor digitorum muscle (also known as extensor digitorum communis) [2] is a muscle of the posterior forearm present in humans and other animals. It extends the medial four digits of the hand. Extensor digitorum is innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the radial nerve. [3]
Extensor tendons pass through the extensor retinaculum at wrist joint in 6 synovial sheaths, also referred to compartments. [3] The supinator and the anconeus are the two extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm that do not pass through wrist extensor compartments. [3]