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By the end of the war, over 500 fully paid positions were available to women as nurses and in the United States Military. [ 25 ] 1861: Dr. Mary Walker was a doctor with the Union Army at the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) and three later major engagements, but was later captured and spent the remainder of the war as a prisoner of war .
By 1945 there were 4.7 million women in clerical positions - this was an 89% increase from women with this occupation prior to World War II. [8] In addition, there were 4.5 million women working as factory operatives - this was a 112% increase since before the war. [8] The aviation industry saw the highest increase in female workers during the war.
Women in World War II took on various roles from country to country. World War II involved global conflict on an unprecedented scale; the absolute urgency of mobilizing the entire population made the expansion of the role of women inevitable. Rosie the Riveter became an emblem of women's dedication to traditional male labor. [4]
Fruits of Victory: The Woman's Land Army of America in the Great War. ISBN 978-1-59797-273-4. (excerpts in Smithsonian; NPR interview.) Stephanie A. Carpenter (2003). On the Farm Front: The Women's Land Army in World War II. ISBN 978-0-87580-314-2. "Agriculture" in The Great Plains During World War II, ed. by R. Douglas Hurt. The Plains ...
The two major events in this time period were World War I and World War II. Please see Women in World War I and Women in World War II for more information. For articles specifically pertaining to the United States, see: Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945 and Timeline of women in warfare in the United States from 1900 to 1949.
During World War II, many women filled roles vacated by men fighting overseas. Beginning in the 1960s, the second-wave feminist movement changed cultural perceptions of women, although it was unsuccessful in passing the Equal Rights Amendment. In the 21st century, women have achieved greater representation in prominent roles in American life.
During World War I and World War II, the primary role of women shifted towards employment in munitions factories, agriculture and food rationing, and other areas to fill the gaps left by men who had been drafted into the military. One of the most notable changes during World War II was the inclusion of many of women in regular military units.
From this point on, the Clubmobiles traveled with the rear echelon of the Army Corps and received their orders from the Army for the duration of World War II. [4] On May 23, 2012, S. Res 471 was passed, “commending the efforts of the women of the American Red Cross Clubmobiles for exemplary service during the Second World War.” [6]