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  2. Production (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production_(economics)

    Similarly, there are two kinds of actors, producers and consumers. Well-being is made possible by efficient production and by the interaction between producers and consumers. In the interaction, consumers can be identified in two roles both of which generate well-being. Consumers can be both customers of the producers and suppliers to the ...

  3. Effect of taxes and subsidies on price - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_taxes_and...

    The consumers' price will be equal to the producers' price plus the cost of the tax. Since consumers will buy less at the higher consumer price (Pc) and producers will sell less at a lower producer price (Pp), the quantity sold will fall from Qe to Qt. Diagram illustrating taxes effect

  4. Tax wedge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_wedge

    Put differently, the tax wedge is the difference between the price consumers pay and the value producers receive (net of tax) from a transaction. [2] The tax effectively drives a "wedge" between the price consumers pay and the price producers receive for a product.

  5. Tax incidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_incidence

    In this example, the consumers pay more than the producers, but not all of the tax. The area paid by consumers is obvious as the change in equilibrium price (between P without tax and P with tax); the remainder, being the difference between the new price and the cost of production at that quantity, is paid by the producers.

  6. Consumer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer

    Consumers pay some amount of money (or equivalent) for goods or services. [4]) then consume (use up). As such, consumers play a vital role in the economic system of a capitalist system [5] and form a fundamental part of any economy. [6] [7] [8] Without consumer demand, producers would lack one of the key motivations to produce: to sell to

  7. Prosumer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosumer

    A prosumer is an individual who both consumes and produces.The term is a portmanteau of the words producer and consumer.Research has identified six types of prosumers: DIY prosumers, self-service prosumers, customizing prosumers, collaborative prosumers, monetised prosumers, and economic prosumers.

  8. Economic surplus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_surplus

    Consumer surplus is the difference between the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay and the actual price they do pay. If a consumer is willing to pay more for a unit of a good than the current asking price, they are getting more benefit from the purchased product than they would if the price was their maximum willingness to pay.

  9. Product differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_differentiation

    Horizontal: based on a single characteristic but consumers are not clear on quality; Vertical: based on a single characteristic and consumers are clear on its quality [5] The brand differences are mostly minor; they can be merely a difference in packaging or an advertising theme. The physical product need not change, but it may.