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Alkylated naphthalenes are chemical compounds made by the alkylation of naphthalene or its derivatives with an olefin. These compounds are used as synthetic base oils, and are claimed to have improved oxidative stability over some conventional base oils.
A naphthalene molecule can be viewed as the fusion of a pair of benzene rings. (In organic chemistry, rings are fused if they share two or more atoms.) As such, naphthalene is classified as a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). [19] The eight carbon atoms that are not shared by the two rings carry one hydrogen atom each.
Friedel–Crafts alkylations can be reversible. Although this is usually undesirable it can be exploited; for instance by facilitating transalkylation reactions. [10] 1,3-Diisopropylbenzene is produced via transalkylation, a special form of Friedel–Crafts alkylation. It also allows alkyl chains to be added reversibly as protecting groups.
The counterion, which is a cation such as lithium, can be removed and washed away in the work-up. Examples include the use of organometallic compounds such as Grignard (organomagnesium), organolithium, organocopper, and organosodium reagents. These compounds typically can add to an electron-deficient carbon atom such as at a carbonyl group.
Naphthalenesulfonates are derivatives of sulfonic acid which contain a naphthalene functional unit. A related family of compounds are the aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids.Of commercial importance are the alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, which are used as superplasticizers in concrete.
Naphthenic acid can refer to derivatives and isomers of naphthalene carboxylic acids. In the petrochemical industry, NA's refer to alkyl carboxylic acids found in petroleum. [3] The term naphthenic acid has roots in the somewhat archaic term "naphthene" (cycloaliphatic but non-aromatic) used to classify hydrocarbons.
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Desulfonylation reactions are chemical reactions leading to the removal of a sulfonyl group from organic compounds.As the sulfonyl functional group is electron-withdrawing, [1] methods for cleaving the sulfur–carbon bonds of sulfones are typically reductive in nature.