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The Vespidae are a large (nearly 5000 species), diverse, cosmopolitan family of wasps, including nearly all the known eusocial wasps (such as Polistes fuscatus, Vespa orientalis, and Vespula germanica) and many solitary wasps. [1]
European hornet protection site (in English) (also available in French, German, Russian, Spanish and Swedish) Differences between Yellowjackets and Hornets at the Internet Archive PDF (218 KB) Paper Wasps and Hornets; Controlling Wasps, Hornets, and Yellowjackets; Hornets & Yellowjackets; Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps; Vespidae of the World
Many wasp lineages, including those in the families Vespidae, Crabronidae, Sphecidae, and Pompilidae, attack and sting prey items that they use as food for their larvae; while Vespidae usually macerate their prey and feed the resulting bits directly to their brood, most predatory wasps paralyze their prey and lay eggs directly upon the bodies ...
Paper wasp (Polistes major) nest (); exposed comb Paper wasp growth stages Yellowjacket nest (); concealed combPaper wasps are a type of vespid wasps.The term is typically used to refer to members of the vespid subfamily Polistinae, though it often colloquially includes members of the subfamilies Vespinae (hornets and yellowjackets) and Stenogastrinae, which also make nests out of paper.
Wasps (Family: Vespidae) Name Western honey bee Bumblebee Paper wasp Yellowjacket Bald-faced hornet European hornet Asian hornet; Image Colors Amber to brown translucent alternating with black stripes. [a] Exact pattern and colouration varies depending on strain/breed.
With about 1,100 species total, it is the second-most diverse subfamily within the Vespidae, and while most species are tropical or subtropical, they include some of the most frequently encountered large wasps in temperate regions. The English common name for Polistinae is paper wasp.
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Research based on four nuclear genes (elongation factor-1α F2 copy, long-wavelength rhodopsin, wingless and the D2–D3 regions of 28S ribosomal RNA—2700 bp in total) suggests the historical view of family relationships need to be changed, with Rhopalosomatidae as a sister group of the Vespidae and the clade Rhopalosomatidae + Vespidae as sister to all other classical vespoids and apoids.