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Before Indigenous colonization occurred in Canada, Two-Spirit people were highly revered in Indigenous communities. [38] Two-Spirit people had very distinct and important roles, as well as traditions, ceremonial roles, and stories. [38] Once settlers arrived in Canada, they brought ideas about heteronormativity and traditional gender roles. [38]
The impact of colonization on Canada can be seen in its culture, history, politics, laws, and legislatures. [51] This led to the systematic removal of Indigenous children from their families, the suppression of Indigenous languages and traditions, and the degradation of Indigenous communities.
Indigenous people in Canada first interacted with Europeans around 1000 CE, but prolonged contact came after Europeans established permanent settlements in the 17th and 18th centuries. [94] European written accounts generally recorded friendliness of the First Nations, who profited in trade with Europeans. [94]
1961 In the early 1960s, the National Indian Council was created in 1961 to represent indigenous people of Canada, including treaty/status Indians, non-status Indians, the Métis people, though not the Inuit. [156] 1960s The Sixties Scoop was coined by Patrick Johnston in his 1983 report Native Children and the Child Welfare System.
The English and Maori versions of the treaty contain key differences, complicating its application and interpretation, some observers say. To address this, over the last 50 years, lawmakers ...
The earliest period of Māori settlement is known as the "Archaic", "Moahunter" or "Colonisation" period. The eastern Polynesian ancestors of the Māori arrived in a forested land with abundant birdlife, including several now extinct moa species weighing between 20 kilograms (44 lb) and 250 kg (550 lb) each.
Pre-Columbian distribution of North American language families. Indigenous peoples in what is now Canada did not form state societies and, in the absence of state structures, academics usually classify indigenous people by their traditional "lifeway" (or primary economic activity) and ecological/climatic region into "culture areas", or by their language families.
During European colonization, many empires have colonized territories inhabited by what would be known today as Indigenous peoples. Many new colonies have surviving Indigenous peoples within their new political borders, [ 8 ] and in this process, atrocities have been committed against Indigenous nations. [ 12 ]