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(A) When the host cell is only infected by a giant virus, the latter establishes a cytoplasmic virus factory to replicate and generates new virions, and the host cell is most likely lysed at the end of its replication cycle. (B) When the host cell is co-infected with a giant virus and its virophage, the latter parasitizes the giant virus factory.
ECHO-7 (trade name Rigvir) is a wild type member of the echovirus group of viruses. [1] It was formerly approved as a virotherapy medication by the State Agency of Medicines of the Republic of Latvia (2004–19). [2]
Phaeocystis globosa virus virophage, or PgVV, or Preplasmiviricota sp. Gezel-14T, [1] is a polinton-like virus, which are small DNA viruses that are found integrated in protist genomes. Similar to virophages , PgVV requires a helper virus to replicate .
Zamilon was discovered in 2013, in Acanthamoeba polyphaga amoebae co-infected with the giant virus Mont1, isolated from a Tunisian soil sample. [2] [3] [5] As of 2015, Zamilon is one of three virophages to have been isolated physically, the others being Sputnik and Mavirus; several other virophage DNAs have been discovered using metagenomics but have not been characterised physically.
Oncolytic virotherapy is not a new idea – as early as the mid 1950s doctors were noticing that cancer patients who suffered a non-related viral infection, or who had been vaccinated recently, showed signs of improvement; [3] this has been largely attributed to the production of interferon and tumour necrosis factors in response to viral infection, but oncolytic viruses are being designed ...
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Kemerovo virus Kemerovo tickborne viral fever is an aparalytic febrile illness accompanied by meningism following tick-bite. [ 1 ] The causative agent is a zoonotic Orbivirus first described in 1963 in western Siberia by Mikhail Chumakov and coworkers. [ 2 ]
A single, virus particle outside its host cell, it can be defective and non-infectious Capsid The protein shell surrounding the virus's genes; this shell is made from many smaller proteins which are identical and are called capsomers.