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IP addresses are assigned to a host either dynamically as they join the network, or persistently by configuration of the host hardware or software. Persistent configuration is also known as using a static IP address. In contrast, when a computer's IP address is assigned each time it restarts, this is known as using a dynamic IP address.
Each IP address consists of a network prefix followed by a host identifier. In the classful network architecture of IPv4, the three most significant bits of the 32-bit IP address defined the size of the network prefix for unicast networking, and determined the network class A, B, or C. [3]
IP Payload Compression Protocol: RFC 3173: 0x6D 109 SNP Sitara Networks Protocol: 0x6E 110 Compaq-Peer Compaq Peer Protocol: 0x6F 111 IPX-in-IP IPX in IP: 0x70 112 VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, Common Address Redundancy Protocol (not IANA assigned) RFC 5798: 0x71 113 PGM PGM Reliable Transport Protocol: RFC 3208: 0x72 114 Any 0-hop ...
The IP address of a public server is also important, similar in global uniqueness to a postal address or telephone number. Both IP address and port number must be correctly known by all hosts wishing to successfully communicate. Private IP addresses as described in RFC 1918 are usable only on private networks not directly connected to the internet.
The concept of subnetting the IPv4 address space 200.100.10.0/24, which contains 256 addresses, into two smaller address spaces, namely 200.100.10.0/25 and 200.100.10.128/25 with 128 addresses each Computers participating in an IP network have at least one network address .
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) performs this IP-address-to-hardware-address translation for IPv4. In addition, the reverse correlation is often necessary. For example, unless an address is preconfigured by an administrator, when an IP host is booted or connected to a network it needs to determine its IP address.
IP addresses in dot-decimal notation are also presented in CIDR notation, in which the IP address is suffixed with a slash and a number, used to specify the length of the associated routing prefix. For example, 127.0.0.1/8 specifies that the IP address has an eight-bit routing prefix, and therefore the subnet mask 255.0.0.0 .
The Internet Protocol that finally emerged was assigned version number 6, being the lowest free number greater than 4. The PIP protocol and TUBA protocol used versions 8 and 9, following version 7 for TP/IX. In 2004, an IPv9 protocol was developed in China using 256-bit addresses.