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African Americans also have higher prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease compared to the overall average. [203] [204] African-Americans are more likely than White Americans to die due to health-related problems developed by alcoholism. Alcohol abuse is the main contributor to the top 3 causes of death among African Americans. [205]
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion.Not all people considered "black" have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world, the term "black" is used to describe persons who are perceived as dark-skinned ...
Instead, the category shifted from "Black, African Am., or Negro" to "Black or African Am." on paper questionnaires and electronic instruments. [44] The identification of the term African American first occurred in the 2000 census, reflecting a long-standing history of offensive terminology since the censuses' inception.
The Martinique-born French Frantz Fanon and African-American writers Langston Hughes, Maya Angelou, and Ralph Ellison, among others, wrote that negative symbolisms surrounding the word "black" outnumber positive ones. They argued that the good vs. bad dualism associated with white and black unconsciously frame prejudiced colloquialisms.
African American slaves in Georgia, 1850. African Americans are the result of an amalgamation of many different countries, [33] cultures, tribes and religions during the 16th and 17th centuries, [34] broken down, [35] and rebuilt upon shared experiences [36] and blended into one group on the North American continent during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and are now called African American.
[11]: 499 Malcolm X preferred Black to Negro, but also started using the term Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam. [12] Since the late 1960s, various other terms have been more widespread in popular usage. These include Black, Black African, Afro-American (in use from the late 1960s to 1990) and African American. [13]
Dilapidated hotel sign, Route 80, Statesboro, Georgia. The picture was taken in 1979, after the end of segregation. In the United States, colored was the predominant and preferred term for African Americans in the mid- to late nineteenth century in part because it was accepted by both white and black Americans as more inclusive, covering those of mixed-race ancestry (and, less commonly, Asian ...