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For osteoarthritis, which is a medical condition of the synovial joints, the abrasion and breakdown of hyaline cartilage and underlying bone can cause joint pain and thus limit movement. [11] For spondylosis, pressure on the spine wears out the intervertebral discs and disfigures the bone, which causes serious pain and leads to restriction of ...
Musculoskeletal injuries can affect any part of the human body including; bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and other soft tissues. [1] Symptoms include mild to severe aches, low back pain, numbness, tingling, atrophy and weakness. [1] [2] These injuries are a result of repetitive motions and actions over a period of time. [6]
Secondary BSS can have a multitude of causes, making it hard to pinpoint to a specific muscular disorder. Some examples of diseases that have secondary BSS as a symptom are myopathies caused by muscular dystrophies , neuromuscular disorders , and inflammatory muscle diseases ; metabolic or endocrine disorders; and mitochondrial myopathies.
A wide range of symptoms can indicate if a person has polymyalgia rheumatica. The classic symptoms include: [2] [11] Pain and stiffness (moderate to severe) in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, thighs, and hips, which inhibits activity, especially in the morning, but which usually persists to some degree throughout the day.
There is a growing consensus that psychosocial factors are another cause of some MSDs. [11] Some theories for this causal relationship found by many researchers include increased muscle tension, increased blood and fluid pressure, reduction of growth functions, pain sensitivity reduction, pupil dilation, body remaining at heightened state of sensitivity.
Poor postures and loss of the normal spinal curves can lead to spondylosis as well. Spondylosis can affect a person at any age; however, older people are more susceptible. [9] Degeneration of the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and its capsules, and ligamentum flavum all can also cause spinal canal narrowing. [8]
There are many proposed causes of sarcopenia and it is likely the result of multiple interacting factors. Understanding of the causes of sarcopenia is incomplete, however, changes in hormones, immobility, age-related muscle changes, nutrition, and neurodegenerative changes have all been recognized as potential causative factors.
Primary, or involuntary osteoporosis, can further be classified into Type I or Type II. [1] Type I refers to postmenopausal osteoporosis and is caused by the deficiency of estrogen. [1] While senile osteoporosis is categorized as an involuntary, Type II, and primary osteoporosis, which affects both men and women over the age of 70 years.