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The glass transition temperature of basalt is about 700 °C (1,292 °F). [4] The mechanisms controlling formation of volcanic glass are further illustrated by the two forms of basaltic glass, tachylite and sideromelane. Tachylite is opaque to transmitted light because of the abundance of tiny oxide mineral crystals suspended in the glass ...
Moreover, river mouth bars are important hydrocarbon reservoirs, [14] [15] and have been widely interpreted in the geologic record. [16] [17] Analyses of the hydraulic and sedimentologic conditions of river mouth bar formation, progradation and aggradation, and prediction on their shape, size and spacing are incredibly valuable for reservoir ...
The long-term preserved geologic record of a sedimentary basin is a large scale contiguous three-dimensional package of sedimentary rocks created during a particular period of geologic time, a 'stratigraphic succession', that geologists continue to refer to as a sedimentary basin even if it is no longer a bathymetric or topographic depression. [6]
They are geological depressions, the inverse of domes. Elongated structural basins are a type of geological trough . Some structural basins are sedimentary basins , aggregations of sediment that filled up a depression or accumulated in an area; others were formed by tectonic events long after the sedimentary layers were deposited.
Panhole: a shallow depression or basin eroded into flat or gently sloping, cohesive rock. [2] Collapse-related: Sinkhole: a depression formed as a result of the collapse of rocks lying above a hollow. This is common in karst regions. Kettle: a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by melting glacial remnants in terminal moraines. [3]
USGS Geologic Map of the Gulf of America. The formation of the Gulf of America, an oceanic rift basin located between North America and the Yucatan Block, was preceded by the breakup of the Supercontinent Pangaea in the Late-Triassic, weakening the lithosphere.
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The Newark Basin, an early Mesozoic half-graben. A half-graben is a geological structure bounded by a fault along one side of its boundaries, unlike a full graben where a depressed block of land is bordered by parallel faults.