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Economic order quantity (EOQ), also known as financial purchase quantity or economic buying quantity, [citation needed] is the order quantity that minimizes the total holding costs and ordering costs in inventory management.
Cycle inventory reflects the concept of an economic order quantity (EOQ). [6] EOQ is an attempt to balance inventory holding or carrying costs with the costs incurred in ordering or setting up machinery. The total cost will minimized when the ordering cost and the carrying cost equal to each other.
This figure graphs the holding cost and ordering cost per year equations. The third line is the addition of these two equations, which generates the total inventory cost per year. This graph should give a better understanding of the derivation of the optimal ordering quantity equation, i.e., the EPQ equation
It is a class of inventory control models that generalize and combine elements of both the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and the base stock model. [2] The (Q,r) model addresses the question of when and how much to order, aiming to minimize total inventory costs, which typically include ordering costs, holding costs, and shortage costs.
If is the cost of setting up a batch, is the annual demand, is the daily rate at which inventory is demanded, is the inventory holding cost per unit per annum, and is the rate of production per annum, the total cost function () is calculated as follows: [13]
There are several costs associated with inventory: Ordering cost; Setup cost; Holding cost; Shortage costs (the costs arising out of inability to supply, including lost revenue, reputational damage, and potential loss of customer loyalty). [15]
Classic EOQ model: trade-off between ordering cost (blue) and holding cost (red). Total cost (green) admits a global optimum. The traditional pull approach to inventory control, a number of techniques have been developed based on the work of Ford W. Harris [18] (1913), which came to be known as the economic order quantity (EOQ) model.
The dynamic lot-size model in inventory theory, is a generalization of the economic order quantity model that takes into account that demand for the product varies over time. The model was introduced by Harvey M. Wagner and Thomson M. Whitin in 1958. [1] [2]