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Modesty, sculpture by Louis-Léopold Chambard, 1861 Recreation on a California beach in the first decade of the 20th century. Modesty, sometimes known as demureness, is a mode of dress and deportment which intends to avoid the encouraging of sexual attraction in others.
During the 17th century, over 80,000 women lived and were educated in convents. [3] [4] Nuns never received monetary compensation. They served without salary, surviving on charity. [5] Although many young girls lived in the convents, they were not nuns. Every European Catholic city had at least one convent and some had dozens or more. [6]
1874 (): European missionaries try to stop nude surfing and force indigenous women to cover themselves by wearing the Mother Hubbard dress. The imposed dress code, however, is often ignored; a British engraving shows a set of waves ridden by nearly a dozen Hawaiian surfers, male and female, all of them naked, Hawaii. [16]
In looking at coroner records for 14th-century rural England detailing the accidental deaths of 1,000 people, which represent the lives of peasants more clearly, Barbara Hanawalt found that 30% of women died in their homes compared to 12% of men; 9% of women died on a private property (i.e. a neighbour's house, a garden area, manor house, etc ...
While this change scarcely affected women, as women were still concentrated in the "nonproductive" sector, it did affect the pay gap between women and men. The nonproductive sector, encompassing such sectors as education and healthcare, was still financed from the state budget and was therefore at greater risk of budgetary cuts , which occurred ...
The evolution and history of European women coincide with the evolution and the history of Europe itself. According to the Catalyst , 51.2% of the population of the European Union in 2010 is composed of women (in January 2011, the population of the EU was at 502,122,750).
Despite its relatively short life, gender history (and its forerunner women's history) has had a rather significant effect on the general study of history.Since the 1960s, when the initially small field first achieved a measure of acceptance, it has gone through a number of different phases, each with its own challenges and outcomes, but always making an impact of some kind on the historical ...
The LaTeX source code is attached to the PDF file (see imprint). Licensing Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License , Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation ; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover ...