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Lower urinary tract infections may involve the bladder (cystitis) or urethra while upper urinary tract infections affect the kidney (pyelonephritis). [10] Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include suprapubic pain, painful urination ( dysuria ), frequency and urgency of urination despite having an empty bladder. [ 1 ]
Hemorrhagic cystitis or haemorrhagic cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder defined by lower urinary tract symptoms that include dysuria, hematuria, and hemorrhage. The disease can occur as a complication of cyclophosphamide , ifosfamide and radiation therapy.
Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. [1] [2] Diagnosis is by urinalysis or urine culture. [3] Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium found. [1] People without symptoms should generally not be tested for the condition. [3] Differential diagnosis include ...
[8] [9] If the condition is allowed to progress without treatment, it can eventually lead to azotemia and uremic symptoms. [9] This constellation of symptoms contrasts with the classical presentation of nephrotic syndrome (excessive proteinuria >3.5 g/day, low plasma albumin levels ( hypoalbuminemia ) <3 g/L, generalized edema , and ...
Cystitis cystica is an uncommon chronic reactive inflammatory disease that is believed to be brought on by a tumor, calculi, infection, or obstruction of the urothelium. [1] Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative progression of cystitis cystica that is distinguished by urothelial glandular metaplasia.
Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare type of interstitial cystitis first reported in 1960 by Edwin Brown. [1] Eosinophilic cystitis has been linked to a number of etiological factors, including allergies , bladder tumors , trauma to the bladder, parasitic infections , and chemotherapy drugs , though the exact cause of the condition is still unknown.
The term "interstitial cystitis" was coined by Dr. Alexander Skene in 1887 to describe the disease. [13] In 2002, the United States amended the Social Security Act to include interstitial cystitis as a disability. The first guideline for diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis is released by a Japanese research team in 2009. [71]
Hunner's ulcers or Hunner's lesions occur in 5 to 10 percent of people who have the bladder disease interstitial cystitis.They form on the wall of the bladder and, like any ulcer, they can bleed, ooze, and may vary in size.