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A cystocele protruding through the vagina in a 73-year-old woman. The cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina. [1] [5] Some may have no symptoms. [6] Others may have trouble starting urination, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination. [1]
In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. [2] Injury incurred to fascia membranes and other connective structures can result in cystocele, rectocele or both. Treatment can involve dietary and lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or surgery. [3]
It is the surgical intervention for both cystocele (protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina) and rectocele (protrusion of the rectum into the vagina). [citation needed] The repair may be to either or both of the anterior (front) or posterior (rear) vaginal walls, thus the origin of some of its alternative names. [1] [2] [3]
Surgery to correct the rectocele may involve the reattachment of the muscles that previously supported the pelvic floor. [1] Another procedure is posterior colporrhaphy, which involves suturing of vaginal tissue. Surgery may also involve insertion of a supporting mesh (that is, a patch). [8]
Women who undergo this procedure may unknowingly have a medical issue, such as a prolapse, and an attempt to correct this is also made during the surgery. [178] Surgery on the vagina can be elective or cosmetic. Women who seek cosmetic surgery can have congenital conditions, physical discomfort or wish to alter the appearance of their genitals.
About 11 percent of women will undergo surgery for urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse by age 80. [11] Women who experience pelvic floor dysfunction are more likely to report issues with arousal combined with dyspareunia. For women, there is a 20.5% risk for having a surgical intervention related to stress urinary incontinence. The ...
The absence of vaginal rugae seen in the normal vagina of a healthy woman may be an indication of a prolapsed bladder (cystocele) or rectocele. [13] [12] An enterocele, or bulging of the bowel into the vagina can also cause vaginal rugae to disappear. [16] The absence of vaginal rugae may also be an indicator of pelvic organ prolapse.
[3] [4] Complications may arise from concomitant surgery and inappropriate surgical techniques, while they can also be prevented with uterus preservation. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Transvaginal mesh was once used widely for nearly 25% of prolapse interventions until the FDA ban, yet approximately 1 out of 15 patients required a mesh removal in the past decade.