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This logical maneuver is often called a G. E. Moore shift or a Moorean shift. [1] This is captured clearly in Fred Dretske's aphorism that "one man's modus ponens is another man's modus tollens". [2] His response takes the following form: If S knows that q, then S knows that not-sk. S knows that q. Therefore, S knows that not-sk.
"Here is one hand" (Moorean shift) Transparency of consciousness [ 3 ] [ 4 ] George Edward Moore OM FBA (4 November 1873 – 24 October 1958) was an English philosopher, who with Bertrand Russell , Ludwig Wittgenstein and earlier Gottlob Frege was among the initiators of analytic philosophy .
It is a special case of the shift operator from functional analysis. More specifically, for any displacement vector x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } , there is a corresponding translation operator T ^ ( x ) {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}(\mathbf {x} )} that shifts particles and fields by the amount x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } .
It is generally argued that the Aharonov–Bohm effect illustrates the physicality of electromagnetic potentials, Φ and A, in quantum mechanics.Classically it was possible to argue that only the electromagnetic fields are physical, while the electromagnetic potentials are purely mathematical constructs, that due to gauge freedom are not even unique for a given electromagnetic field.
Since Jaakko Hintikka's seminal treatment of the problem, [7] it has become standard to present Moore's paradox by explaining why it is absurd to assert sentences that have the logical form: "P and NOT(I believe that P)" or "P and I believe that NOT-P." Philosophers refer to these, respectively, as the omissive and commissive versions of Moore's paradox.
Since the distance between the Zeeman sub-levels is a function of magnetic field strength, this effect can be used to measure magnetic field strength, e.g. that of the Sun and other stars or in laboratory plasmas.
A modulated wave resulting from adding two sine waves of identical amplitude and nearly identical wavelength and frequency. A common situation resulting in an envelope function in both space x and time t is the superposition of two waves of almost the same wavelength and frequency: [2]
The first-order perturbation matrix on basis of the unperturbed rigid rotor function is non-zero and can be diagonalized. This gives shifts and splittings in the rotational spectrum. Quantitative analysis of these Stark shift yields the permanent electric dipole moment of the symmetric top molecule.