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Wood is a structural tissue/material found as xylem in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.It is an organic material – a natural composite of cellulosic fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression.
The database thousands of wood anatomical descriptions and nearly 66,000 photomicrographs of contemporary woods, along with more than 1,600 descriptions and 2,000 images of fossil woods. [ 16 ] Another very important database for wood anatomy, is the so-called, Delta Intkey .
Wood chemistry, whose primary focus is the analysis of the chemical constituents comprising wood, with specific emphasis on cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and extractives, as well as on the various products derived from these components. It is also explores potential uses for pulp and paper production, the utilization of wood and wood waste ...
The wood moisture content is above 25% on a dry-weight basis; The environment is sufficiently warm; Oxygen (O 2) is present; Wood with less than 25% moisture (dry weight basis) can remain free of decay for centuries. Similarly, wood submerged in water may not be attacked by fungi if the amount of oxygen is inadequate. Fungi lumber/timber ...
A section of rosemary stem, an example of a woody plant, showing a typical wood structure. A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue and thus has a hard stem. [ 1 ] In cold climates, woody plants further survive winter or dry season above ground, as opposed to herbaceous plants that die back to the ground until spring .
Its most commonly noted function is the support through strengthening of wood (mainly composed of xylem cells and lignified sclerenchyma fibres) in vascular plants. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Finally, lignin also confers disease resistance by accumulating at the site of pathogen infiltration, making the plant cell less accessible to cell wall ...
As tracheids evolved along with secondary xylem tissues, specialized inter-tracheid pits appeared. [3] Tracheid length and diameter also increased, with tracheid diameter increasing to an average length of 80 μm by the end of the Devonian period. [7] Tracheids then evolved into the vessel elements and structural fibers that make up angiosperm ...
Oak timber is a strong and hard wood with many uses, such as for furniture, floors, building frames, and veneers. [70] The wood of a red oak Quercus cerris (the Turkey oak) has better mechanical properties than those of the white oaks Q. petraea and Q. robur ; the heartwood and sapwood have similar mechanical properties . [ 71 ]