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Both the chromatic number and the degeneracy of the k th power of a planar graph of maximum degree Δ are O(Δ ⌊k/2⌋), where the degeneracy bound shows that a greedy coloring algorithm may be used to color the graph with this many colors. [4] For the special case of a square of a planar graph, Wegner conjectured in 1977 that the chromatic ...
Therefore, the graph of the function f(x − h) = (x − h) 2 is a parabola shifted to the right by h whose vertex is at (h, 0), as shown in the top figure. In contrast, the graph of the function f(x) + k = x 2 + k is a parabola shifted upward by k whose vertex is at (0, k), as shown in the center figure.
Example in nested radicals [ edit ] A similar problem, involving equating like terms rather than coefficients of like terms, arises if we wish to de-nest the nested radicals a + b c {\displaystyle {\sqrt {a+b{\sqrt {c}}\ }}} to obtain an equivalent expression not involving a square root of an expression itself involving a square root, we can ...
The Meredith graph, a quartic graph with 70 vertices that is 4-connected but has no Hamiltonian cycle, disproving a conjecture of Crispin Nash-Williams. [4] Every medial graph is a quartic plane graph, and every quartic plane graph is the medial graph of a pair of dual plane graphs or multigraphs. [5]
In graph theory, the girth of an undirected graph is the length of a shortest cycle contained in the graph. [1] If the graph does not contain any cycles (that is, it is a forest), its girth is defined to be infinity. [2] For example, a 4-cycle (square) has girth 4. A grid has girth 4 as well, and a triangular mesh has girth 3.
Just as the definite integral of a positive function of one variable represents the area of the region between the graph of the function and the x-axis, the double integral of a positive function of two variables represents the volume of the region between the surface defined by the function (on the three-dimensional Cartesian plane where z = f(x, y)) and the plane which contains its domain. [1]
The characterization of squaregraphs in terms of distance from a root and links of vertices can be used together with breadth first search as part of a linear time algorithm for testing whether a given graph is a squaregraph, without any need to use the more complex linear-time algorithms for planarity testing of arbitrary graphs.
In general, the following identity holds for all non-negative integers m and n, = = + . This is structurally identical to the property of exponentiation that a m a n = a m + n.. In general, for arbitrary general (negative, non-integer, etc.) indices m and n, this relation is called the translation functional equation, cf. Schröder's equation and Abel equation.