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  2. Relational algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_algebra

    The relational algebra uses set union, set difference, and Cartesian product from set theory, and adds additional constraints to these operators to create new ones.. For set union and set difference, the two relations involved must be union-compatible—that is, the two relations must have the same set of attributes.

  3. Structured type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_type

    These can be defined either in plain SQL with CREATE TYPE but also in Java via SQL/JRT. SQL structured types allow single inheritance . Structured types are supported to varying degrees in Oracle Database , IBM Db2 , PostgreSQL and Microsoft SQL Server , although the latter only allows structured types defined in CLR .

  4. Consistency (database systems) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistency_(database_systems)

    In database systems, consistency (or correctness) refers to the requirement that any given database transaction must change affected data only in allowed ways. Any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof. This does not guarantee correctness ...

  5. Category:Database constraints - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Database_constraints

    Database constraints are constraints on a database that require relation to satisfy certain properties. Relations that satisfy all such constraints are legal relations. Pages in category "Database constraints"

  6. Functional dependency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_dependency

    In relational database theory, a functional dependency is the following constraint between two attribute sets in a relation: Given a relation R and attribute sets ,, X is said to functionally determine Y (written X → Y) if each X value is associated with precisely one Y value.

  7. Multivalued dependency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivalued_dependency

    In database theory, a multivalued dependency is a full constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation. In contrast to the functional dependency, the multivalued dependency requires that certain tuples be present in a relation. Therefore, a multivalued dependency is a special case of tuple-generating dependency.

  8. Database normalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

    Database normalization is the process of structuring a relational database accordance with a series of so-called normal forms in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scientist Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational model .

  9. Optimistic concurrency control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimistic_concurrency_control

    For others, the application can implement an OCC layer outside of the database, and avoid waiting or silently overwriting records. In such cases, the form may include a hidden field with the record's original content, a timestamp, a sequence number, or an opaque token. On submit, this is compared against the database.