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Tartarus is the place where, according to Plato's Gorgias (c. 400 BC), souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment. Tartarus appears in early Greek cosmology, such as in Hesiod's Theogony, where the personified Tartarus is described as one of the earliest beings to exist, alongside Chaos and Gaia (Earth).
Hesiod's Theogony, (c. 700 BCE) which could be considered the "standard" creation myth of Greek mythology, [1] tells the story of the genesis of the gods. After invoking the Muses (II.1–116), Hesiod says the world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (the Earth), "the ever-sure foundation of all"; "dim" Tartarus (the Underworld), in ...
And after Gaia came "dim Tartarus in the depth of the wide-pathed Earth", and next Eros the god of love. [34] Hesiod goes on to say that Gaia brought forth her equal Uranus (Heaven, Sky) to "cover her on every side". [35] Gaia also bore the Ourea (Mountains), and Pontus (Sea), "without sweet union of love" (i.e., with no father). [36]
Tartarus The Abyss: Gaia The Earth: Eros Desire [a] Erebus Darkness: Nyx The Night: Moros Doom: the Oneiroi Dreams: Nemesis Retribution: Momus Blame: Philotes Affection: Geras Aging: Typhon: Uranus The Sky: the Ourea Mountains: Pontus The Sea: Aether Heaven: Hemera The Day: Thanatos Death: Hypnos Sleep: Eris Strife: Apate Deceit: Oizys Distress ...
According to Hesiod, Typhon was the son of Gaia and Tartarus. However, one source has Typhon as the son of Hera alone, while another makes Typhon the offspring of Cronus. Typhon and his mate Echidna were the progenitors of many famous monsters. Typhon attempted to overthrow Zeus for the supremacy of the cosmos. The two fought a cataclysmic ...
Such depictions were perhaps borrowed from Typhon, the monstrous son of Gaia and Tartarus, described by Hesiod as having a hundred snake heads growing from his shoulders. [127] This snake-legged motif becomes the standard for the rest of antiquity, culminating in the monumental Gigantomachy frieze of the second century BC Pergamon Altar .
A final threat to Zeus' power was to come in the form of the monster Typhon, son of Gaia and Tartarus. Zeus with his thunderbolt was quickly victorious, and Typhon was also imprisoned in Tartarus. [24] Zeus, by Gaia's advice, was elected king of the gods, and he distributed various honors among the gods. [25]
In Hesiod's Theogony, Chaos was the first thing to exist: "at first Chaos came to be" (or was), [14] but next (possibly out of Chaos) came Gaia, Tartarus, and Eros (elsewhere the name Eros is used for a son of Aphrodite). [b] Unambiguously "born" from Chaos were Erebus and Nyx.