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The archaellum (pl.: archaella; formerly archaeal flagellum) is a unique structure on the cell surface of many archaea that allows for swimming motility. The archaellum consists of a rigid helical filament that is attached to the cell membrane by a molecular motor .
Archaeal flagella are known as archaella, that operate like bacterial flagella – their long stalks are driven by rotatory motors at the base. These motors are powered by a proton gradient across the membrane, but archaella are notably different in composition and development. [119] The two types of flagella evolved from different ancestors.
Bacterial flagella grow by the addition of flagellin subunits at the tip; archaeal flagella grow by the addition of subunits to the base. Bacterial flagella are thicker than archaella, and the bacterial filament has a large enough hollow "tube" inside that the flagellin subunits can flow up the inside of the filament and get added at the tip ...
The evolution of flagella is of great interest to biologists because the three known varieties of flagella – (eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal) each represent a sophisticated cellular structure that requires the interaction of many different systems.
Bacterial flagella are helical filaments, each with a rotary motor at its base which can turn clockwise or counterclockwise. [117] [118] [119] They provide two of several kinds of bacterial motility. [120] [121] Archaeal flagella are called archaella, and function in much the same way as bacterial
Reworded to "In contrast to the bacterial flagellum, which is a hollow stalk and is assembled by subunits moving up the central pore and then adding onto the tip of the flagella, archaeal flagella are synthesized by adding subunits onto their base." Metabolism: This is the weakest section so far. Intro paragraph skips over Hererortrophs.
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Bacterial flagella are helical filaments, each with a rotary motor at its base which can turn clockwise or counterclockwise. [16] [17] [18] They provide two of several kinds of bacterial motility. [19] [20] Archaeal flagella are called archaella, and function in much the same way as bacterial flagella